上海 Shanghai

上海简称沪，是中国最重要的工业区和对外贸易口岸之一。中央直辖市。位于北纬31度14分， 东经121度29分。地处长江三角洲前沿，倚东海之滨，向东是浩瀚无垠的太平洋、与美国的西海岸隔海相望，南临杭州湾，西与富庶的江苏、浙江两省毗邻，北界黄金水道长江入海口，正处于中国南北海岸线的中部，交通便利，腹地广袤，地理位置十分优越，是世界第三大港和中国最大的港口。行政辖l4区6县。市区面积749平方千米。人口l284万（城区750万），是全国人口最多的城市。

上海是中国民族工业的发祥地，现在她是中国最大的商业、金融中心，也是西太平洋地区重要国际港口城市，内外联系广泛，交通、通讯比较发达。黄金水道长江和沪杭、京沪铁路干线，使上海成为贯通中国东西南北的交通枢纽，40多条航空线通往国际国内各大城市。上海是国内、国际通信枢纽之一，全国对外通讯中有三分之一通过上海卫星地面站和中日海底电缆传输。

上海是中国的历史文化名城，早在宋代有了“上海镇”，元至元二十九年（1271年）置上海县，建城已有710年的历史。1843年鸦片战争后，上海成为对外开放的商埠与租界。在这块土地上，留下了许多历史名人的活动足迹，现在的市区内，还保留有徐光启、黄道婆、孙中山、宋庆龄、鲁迅等人的故居或纪念地。中国近现代史上许多重大的事件均与上海有关，如小刀会起义、上海三次工人武装起义、五卅惨案、八一三淞沪抗战等等。东方明珠、南浦大桥、杨浦大桥等新建筑，使她又具现代风采。

Called Hu for short, Shanghai is one of the most important industrial areas and foreign trading port. It is located at the 31°14' of the north latitude and the 121°29' of the east longitude, under the direct jurisdiction of the central government. It is in the front part of the Yangtze Delta and in the middle of China's coastal line with the Pacific Ocean to the east, with the Yangtze River to the north. It is the third largest port of the world with a convenient network of transportation. Being the most populous city of the country, Shanghai has a population of 12.84 million with 7.50 urban residents and an area of 749,000,000 square kilometers. It has under its jurisdiction 14 districts and 6 counties.

Shanghai has been the origin to the national industries. Now it is the biggest financial and business center and an international port in the west Pacific Ocean Area. Shanghai has a network of transportation through the whole country, with 40 airlines to cities both at home and abroad. It is also a pivot of telecommunication of the country, with one third of foreign communications transmitted by on-surface satellite stations and submarine cables.

Shanghai is a famous historical and cultural city. The city is over 710 years old with the earliest establishment of Shanghai Town in the Song Dynasty (960-1279); and in the 29thyear (1271) of the Zhiyuan reign in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), it was designated as Shanghai County. After the Opium War in 1843, Shanghai became an open city for foreign trade and a concession city. Many famous persons set their footprints here.

There are former residences and memorial halls of Xu Guangqi, Huang Daopo, Lu Xun and Soong Tsinglin. Many incidents in modern times have something to do with Shanghai, such as the Xiaodaohui Uprising, the three armed uprisings of the workers, the May 30 Tragedy, the Songhu Battle of October 13. The establishment of the Orient TV Tower, the Yangpu Bridge and the Nanpu Bridge render Shanghai the modern flavor.