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蒙古长调
Mongolian Long-Tune Singing
蒙古长调是北方草原游牧民族在畜牧业生产劳动中创造的，在野外放牧和传统节庆时演唱的一种民歌。在蒙古族形成时期，长调民歌就已存在，字少腔长是其一大特点。演唱者根据生活积累和对自然的感悟来发挥，演唱的节律各不相同；长调歌词绝大多数内容是描写草原、骏马、骆驼、牛羊、蓝天、白云、江河、和湖泊。长调旋律悠长舒缓、意境开阔、声多词少、气息绵长，旋律极富装饰性。
蒙古族长调民歌是一种具有鲜明游牧文化和地域文化特征的独特演唱形式，它以草原人特有的语言述说着蒙古民族对历史文化、人文习俗、道德、哲学和艺术的感悟。长调是蒙古语“乌日汀哆”的意译。“乌日汀”为“长久”、“永恒”之意，“哆”为“歌”之意。蒙古长调最大的魅力在于，它是离自然最近的一种音乐，或者说他本身就是一幅美丽的自然画卷。蒙古族长调是一种历史遗存下来的口传文化，堪称蒙古族音乐的“活化石”。
Mongolian long-tune singing is a kind of folk music. It was created by the nomads of northern China in the activities of developing livestock products and was sung on the occasion of outdoor grazing and traditional festivals. The singing gradually took shape together with the formation of Mongolian ethnic group featuring by few lyrics and long tune. The singing rhythms are diverse since performers have different life experiences and perceptions of nature. Most of the lyrics are descriptions about grasses, horses, camels, cows, sheep, blue sky, clouds and rivers. The melody of long tune is smooth, wide open, lingering yet decorative.
The Mongolian long tune singing is a unique performance art characterized by distinctive nomad culture and geographic features. It conveys the special perception of history, folk customs, morality, philosophy and art with Mongolian distinctive language. The greatest attraction about Mongolian long tune is that it is closest to nature, in other words, it is a most beautiful natural picture. Mongolian long tune is a vocal culture passed down from generation to generation, regarded as a living fossil of Mongolian music.
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