泰山石敢当 Taishan shi-gan-dang

        在住宅或村落周边、桥梁道路要冲等处树立泰山石敢当的习俗，在我国具有悠久的历史。“石敢当”一词在汉代就已经出现。唐代时，“石敢当”三字已经写在石头上，被作为房子的镇物而使用。宋金时期，“泰山石敢当”一词出现。明清时期，在住宅或村落周围设置“石敢当”或“泰山石敢当”的习俗已经遍布大江南北，并传播到海外汉文化圈。这种空间分布的广阔性是中国民间信仰中其他信仰事物所无法与其比拟的。而石敢当的功用也从驱邪发展到驱风、防水、止煞、消灾等多功能。2006年，泰山石敢当被列为国家首批非物质文化遗产，流传了上千年的泰山石敢当信仰习俗成为受到国家重点保护的非物质文化遗产。

Erecting Taishan shi-gan-dang nearby the houses, villages, bridges and roads has a long history in China. The word of “shi-gan-dang” first appeared in Han Dynasty. During Tang Dynasty, these three characters have been carved on stones and were used to protect houses from evil things. Until Song Dynasty “Taishan shi-gan-dang” came out. It had been widely popular throughout the country to set up “shi-gan-dang” or “Taishan shi-gan-dang” nearby the villages and houses. What’s more, this custom has also been spread to Han cultural circle overseas. No other Chinese folk-beliefs can compare with it considering its wideness. However, shi-gan-dang’s function has been diversified that it not only prevents people from evil things, but also from wind, water and disasters. Taishan shi-gan-dang has been listed among the first batch of national nonmaterial cultural heritage in 2006. Now this thousand-year-old belief has been protected as an important nonmaterial cultural heritage.