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表示存在的句子
sentences indicating existence
We have learned that in order to indicate that a certain person or thing exists in a certain direction or location, the word “在”is often used as the main verb of the predicate. The subject of this kind of sentence is usually a person or thing that exists; the object is usually a noun or a phrase expressing direction or location.
|
S(Phrase indicating persons
or things that exist) |
V “在” |
O（phrase indicating location) |
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我
大为的房子
厨房 |
在
在
不在 |
他右边。
八号楼九层吗？
客厅的北边。 |
In order to indicate the meaning of “in a certain direction or location, there exists a certain person or thing”, the words “有” or“是” are usually employed as the main verb of the predicate. The subject of this kind of sentence is usually a noun or a phrase expressing direction or location; the object is usually a person or thing that exists.
| S（Phrase indicating location) |
V “有”/“是” |
O(Phrase indicating persons
or things that exist)
|
|
卧室外边
办公室里边
前边
图书馆后边
阳台东边
你前边 |
有
没有
有没有
是
不是
是 |
一个大阳台。
老师。
一个小花园？
英语系。
卫生间。
谁？ |
Notes: there are two differences between sentences that use “是” or “有”to indicate existence:
(1) a sentence with “有” only denotes what exists in a certain place, while a sentence with “是” not only indicates that a certain thing exists in a certain place, but also further specifies what that thing is.
(2) The object of a sentence indicating existence with “有” is usually a general reference, while the object of a sentence indicating existence with “是” is usually a specific reference. Therefore, we can say “图书馆前边有一个学院”； but we cannot say “图书馆前边有我们学院”。 Instead, we should say “图书馆前边是我们学院”or “我们学院在图书馆前边”。
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