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Little Tips
1. Greeting in Chinese
The most common greeting expression in Mandarin Chinese is "(Nǐhǎo) ", which can be said to people who you meet for the first time or when you answer the call from people you are not familiar, and which can be used at any time of the day and in all situations, formal or informal.
Common expressions:
1) 你好Nǐ hǎo! Hello! (Casual way, usually spoken to one who is around the same age or younger than the speaker)
您好Nǐn hǎo! Hello! (Respectable way)
你们好Nǐ mēn hǎo! Hello! (Plural form)
大家好 Dà jiā hǎo! Hello! (Plural form)
2) 好久不见 Hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn ! (Long time no see!)
3) 你吃了吗Nǐ chīle mā? (Have you get your breakfast/lunch/supper?)
4) 你去哪呀Nǐ qù nǎ yā? (Where do you go?)
5) 早上好Zǎo shàng hǎo! (Good Morning!)
6) 晚上好 Wǎn shàng hǎo! (Good evening!)
7) 晚 安wǎn ān! (Good night!)
8) 怎么样Zěnme yàng? (How are you?)
9) 忙着呢máng zhe ne ? (You are busy.)
10) 你怎么了nǐ zěn me le? (What’s wrong with you?)
11) 发生什么事了fā shēng shén me shì le? (What happened?)
12) 过年好! Guònián hǎo! (Happy New Year!)
13) 祝你生日快乐zhù nǐ shēng rì kuài lè! (Happy birthday!)
14) 情人节快乐qíng rén jié kuài lè! (Happy Valentines Day!)
2. Chinese names
In Chinese, surnames come first and then the given names. It's common to use a Chinese person's full name to address him or her. There are around 100 commonly used surnames, and some of the surnames have no other meanings or functions. However, there is no special list of given names, as in English. Chinese people can choose any of the 50,000 characters for their given name. For example, a boy whose parents have high expectations of him may call him Li Zhènhuá. Zhèn means "to shake/to surprise", and huá is another word for China. A girl whose parents have high expectations of having a son may call her Huáng pàndì. Pàndìmeans "to look forward a little brother".
Chinese- Family introductions
In China today, women do not change their surnames after they get married. They always keep their maiden names.
People like to ask questions such as "你结婚了吗?" (Nǐ jiéhūn le ma?), Are you married?
e.g.
你叫... Nǐ jiào...
Your name is...
你叫什么? Nǐ jiào shénme?
What is your name?
我叫... Wǒ jiào ...
My name is...
我姓... Wǒ xìng ...
My surname is...
这是我/我的... Zhè shì wǒ/wǒde...
This is my...
家 jiā (family)
爷爷 yé ye(grandpa)
奶奶 nǎi nɑi (grandma)
外公wài gōng (grandpa)
外婆wài pó (grandma)
爸爸bà bɑ (father)
妈妈mā mɑ (mother)
姨妈yí mā (aunt)
叔叔shū shū (uncle)
哥哥gē ge (elder brother)
姐姐jiě jie (elder sister)
弟弟dì di (yong brother)
妹妹mèi mei (yong sister)
爱人 ài ren (spouse)
丈夫 zhàngfu ( husband)
女儿 nǚ’ér ( daughter)
儿子 érzi ( son)
你结婚了吗? Nǐ jiéhūn le ma? (Are you married?)
我结婚了 Wǒ jiéhūn (I’m married )
我没结婚 Wǒ méi jiéhūn (I'm not married)
女朋友 nǚ péngyou (girl-friend)
男朋友 nán péngyou (boy-friend )
朋友 péngyou (friend )
同事 tóngshì (colleague)
3. Family life
Families are very important in Chinese culture. Traditionally, children used to live with their parents even after they were married. It was normal for three generations to live under one roof. These days, although most married couples live by themselves, they still consider looking after their parents as their responsibility. Traditionally large families were a sign of prosperity. These days, families are becoming smaller and smaller, especially with the introduction of one-child policy in the late 1970s.
A:你是哪国人nǐ shì nǎ guó rén?
Where are you from?
B:我是美国人wǒ shì měi guó rén.
I'm from America.
A:你最喜欢吃什么nǐ zuì xǐ huān chī shén me?
What's your favorite food?
B:我最喜欢吃牛肉。你呢wǒ zuì xǐ huān chī niú ròu ,nǐ ne?
My favorite food is beef. What about you?
B:我是中国人wǒ shì zhōng guó rén我最喜欢吃水饺wǒ zuì xǐ huān chī shuǐ jiǎo
I'm from China. My favorite food is dumpling.
A:你会游泳吗nǐ huì yóu yǒng ma?
Can you swim?
B:是的, 我会shì de ,wǒ huì.
Yes, I can.
A:你会滑冰吗nǐ huì huá bīng ma?
Can you skate?
B:是的，我会shì de ,wǒ huì.
Yes, I can.
A:你会放风筝吗nǐ huì fàng fēng zhēng ma?
Can you fly a kite?
B:是的，我会shì de ,wǒ huì。
Yes, I can.
A:你会骑自行车吗?
Can you ride a bicycle?
B:是的，我会。
Yes, I can.
A:你会照相吗?
Can you take pictures?
B:不好意思，我不会。
Sorry, I can’t.
5.日常交际用语(Spoken Chinese about Climate)
1.有春夏秋冬四个季节。
There are spring/summer/autumn /winter within a year.
2.一年的的春/夏/秋/冬是什么时候?
When is spring/summer/autumn/winter in China?
3、今天是几月几号?
What is the date today?
4、 是2008年12月20日。
It's December 20th, 2008.
5、 你家乡春天的天气怎么样?
What's the weather like in spring in your hometown?
6、你最喜欢哪个季节?
Which season do you like best?
7.A:今天天气怎么样?
What’s the weather like today?
B:晴朗/多云/阵雨/小雨/小雪/雾夹雪
Sunny/ cloudy/ showers/ rainy/ snowy/ Snow and Fog
8.A:你们国家的气候如何?
What's the climate like in your country?
B:很好。
It's very pleasant.
9.A:春天的天气怎么样?
What’s the weather like in spring?
B:三月经常刮风。四、五月份总是很温暖，但有时下雨。
It's often windy in March. It's always warm in April and May, but it rains sometimes.
10.A:夏天的天气怎么样?
What's it like in summer?
B:六、七、八月份总是很热。每天都阳光灿烂.
It's always hot in June, July and August. The sun shines every day.
11. A:秋天是冷还是暖?
Is it cold or warm in autumn?
B:九、十月份暖和，十一月冷，有时下雨。
It's always warm in September and October. It's often cold in November and it rains sometimes.
12.A:冬天很冷吗?
Is it very cold in winter?
B:十二月、一月、二月通常很冷，有时还下雪。
It's often cold in December, January and February. It snows sometimes
7.你最喜欢的体育运动是什么?
What's your favorite sport?
1.A:你最喜欢的运动是什么，贝尔?
A :What’s your favorite sport, Bill?
B :我喜欢各种不同的运动。我最喜欢的是足球、骑自行车和跑步。
B: I like lots of different sports. I like football, cycling and running the most.
2.这些运动你都做吗?
A: Do you do all of them?
B: 哦，我的时间总是不够。我常骑自行车。这很容易，而且是一项不错的运动。
B: Well, I never have enough time! I cycle a lot. It's easy, and it's good exercise.
3.阿，北京是骑自行车的好地方。
A: Well, Beijing is a good place for cycling.
B: 是的，但是对我来说车辆太多了。
B: Yes, but there's too much traffic for me.
Notes 注释
1 You can ask someone about his or her favorite things by saying: What's your favorite sport? / What's your favorite season?: What's your favorite food? / What's your favorite color?
你可以这样问某人最喜欢的是什么：What's your favorite sport? / 你最喜欢的运动是什么?: What's your favorite food? /你最喜欢吃什么?
2 You can answer by using – I like . . . / I like . . . e.g.: I like lots of different sports / I like lots of different sports; I like Cantonese food / I like Cantonese food
你可以用I like . . . / 我喜欢 . . . 来回答。例如：我喜欢很多种不同的运动/I like lots of different sports ; 我喜欢广菜/ I like Cantonese food.
3 If you are very busy and usually don't have enough time, you can say:我总是觉得时间不够, I never have enough time.
如果你非常忙，而且通常没有很多时间，你可以说：我总是觉得时间不够, I never have enough time.
重要的短语和句子
Key phrases and sentences
A:你喜欢的运动是什么?What's your favourite sport?
B:我喜欢各种不同的运动。I like lots of different sports.
我想我最喜欢的是足球、骑自行车和跑步。I like football, cycling and running the most.
A:这些运动你都做吗?Do you do all of them?
B:我的时间总是不够。I never have enough time.
A:我常骑自行车。I cycle a lot.
B:这很容易，而且是一项不错的运动。It's easy and it's good exercise.
A:北京是骑自行车的好地方。Beijing is a good place for cycling.
B:但是对我来说车辆太多了。There's too much traffic for me.
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