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可能补语（2）
Potential complement (2)
Verbs like “下”，“了”and “动”can be used as potential complements.
“V+ 得/不 + 下” indicates whether or not a given space is able to contain a certain number or amount of things. The verbs frequently used in this construction are:站，坐，睡，停，放，住。
For example,
书包里放不下这么多东西。
这儿停不下十辆车。
宿舍住得下这么多人吗？
“V+ 得/不 +了” indicates whether or not a motion or action may occur. (in general, the verb “了” can only be used as a potential complement.) for example,
你朋友秋天来得了吗？
她的腿被撞伤了，她现在做不了路。
老师病了，明天上不了课。
Sometimes the verb “了” expresses the same idea as “完”。For example,
这么一大杯葡萄酒，她喝不了。
学院离这儿不远，用不了半小时就到了。
“V+ 得/不 +动” shows whether or not a motion or action has caused a person or object to change its original position. For example,
你看我就穿得那么多，连路都走不动了。
他一个人搬不动这张大桌子。
你不用帮我了，我自己拿得动这些东西。
Note: the optative verbs “能” and “可以” express possibilities. However, when expressing the idea of being unable to do something because of a lack of certain subjective or objective conditions, one usually uses the potential complements but not optative verbs. For example,
小孩搬不动这个大花盆。（You cannot say:“小孩不能搬这个大花盆。”）
这儿声音太大，我听不见。（You cannot say ：“这儿声音太大，我不能听见。”）
When expressing the idea that the speaker himself/ herself does have the ability to do something, or a condition permits someone to do something, one can use either the optative verb or the potential complement. The portative verb is used more frequently. For example,
我学过英语，我能翻译。（我学过英语，我翻译得了。）
今天天气很好，能去。（今天天气很好，去得了，）
你不用帮助我，我自己能搬。（你不用帮助我，我自己搬得动。）
When requesting that a particular movement or action take place, or when dissuading someone from moving or acting, one can only use an portative verb. The potential complement cannot be used. For example,
外边刮风， 你不能进去。（You cannot say:“外边刮风了，你出不去。”）
我可以进来吗？（You cannot say：“我进得来吗？”）
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