结果补语 the resultative complement explains the result of the action. It usually consists of a verb or an adjective.
V + V / A 听 懂 to listen and understand
写 上 to write down 包 好 to wrap (the parcel) well 拿 好 to hold onto 记 错 to remember incorrectly 坐 错 to take the wrong (bus)
Resultative complements are closely bound to verbs. There cannot be other words in between. The particle “了”or any objects must be placed behind the resultative complement.
Subject |
Predicate |
V |
V/A(complement) |
Pt“了” |
O |
Pt“了” |
我
马大为
下车的乘客
我们 |
听
包
拿
坐 |
懂
好
好
错 |
了 |
那个包裹。
自己的东西。
车 |
了。
了。 |
If expressed by verbs with resultative complements, the action is usually complete. Thus, “没(有)”is commonly used in the negation, while “….了没有” is used for the V/A- not-V/A question. For example: 你听懂了没有? -----我没听懂 马大为包好包裹了没有? ----他没有包好包裹。 The adjective “好” in this lesson is used as a resultative complement, indicating that an action is competed to satisfaction. For example: 我们一定要学好汉语。 请大家做好,现在上课。
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