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“把”子句（1）The “把” sentence (1)
The “把”sentence is a kind of sentence with a verbal predicate. It is frequently used in Chinese to show how the action in the sentence disposes of an object and how this disposal affects the object, I.e. whether the object has been transposed, or its state has been changed. For example:
General statement vs. Emphasis on disposal
A: 你去做什么了？ A：你的书呢？怎么不在这儿了？
B：我去还书了。 B：我把书还了。（so you can’t find it now）
A:：她的生日是几号? A：昨天你为什么不参加她的生日聚会？
B：我忘了（她的生日）。 B：真对不起，我把她的生日忘了。（so I’ve made such a mistake）
In the “把” sentence, the preposition “把”and its object--- the thing(s) to be disposed of ---must function together as an adverbial and be placed after the subject and before the verb.
S + 把 + O + other elements
| Subject |
Predicate |
| OpV |
Adverbial |
Prep |
O |
V |
Other elements |
|
我
你
我
你 |
得 |
先 |
把
把
把
把 |
这事儿
那张表和照片
上次借的书
借书证 |
忘
交
还
办 |
了。
了吗？
了。
了没有？ |
We can see the following points from the sentences in the above table:
(1) the main verb in the “把” sentence must be a transitive one, and often it has the meaning “dispose of” or “manipulate”. Verbs such as “有，在，是，来，去，回，喜欢，觉得 and 知道”，which do not have the meaning “dispose of “ or “manipulate”, cannot be used in the “把”sentence.
(2) The object in the “把” sentence is usually definite in the speaker’s mind. Therefore, we cannot say: “我先把一本书还了。” We can only say ：“我先把那本书还了”。 Or “ 我先把上次借的书还了。”
(3) The verb in the “把” sentence must take some other element(s) after it. The “把” sentences discussed in this lesson all have the particle “了” at the end (and we will introduce the other “把” sentences with different element(s) later). We cannot say: “我把这事儿忘”； we must say“我把这事儿忘了” instead.
(4) An optative verb or adverb (functioning as an adverbial) must be put before “把”。 For example“我得先把上次借的书还了。”
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