方位词 Nouns of locality

表示方位的名词叫方位词。如：前边﹑后边﹑里边﹑外边﹑旁边﹑中间等。这些方位词跟一般名词一样，可以作主语﹑宾语﹑定语也可以受定语的修饰。例如：
The most commonly used of locality are “前边”, “后边”, “”, “里边”,“旁边”and “中间 “. Like ordinary nouns, they may serve as a subject, an attributive of a sentence, and qualified by an attributive, e. g.
1. 左边是小雨，右边是英男。 Xiaoyu is on the left, Yingnan is on the right.
2. 图书馆楼在办公楼西边。 Libraray is in the west of the office building.
3. 上边的书是我的。 The book on the top is mine.
4. 学校东边有一个电影院。 There is a theatre in the east of school.
方位词作定语，后边一般要用“的”，如“上边的书”﹑“右边的房间”。如果接受定语的修饰，前边可以不用“的”。如“学校东边”，“小雨左边”。
When used attributively, a noun of locality usually takes a “的”after it , as in “上边的书”“右边的房间”. But “的”is not used when the noun of locality is preceded by an attributive, as in “学校东边”，“小雨左边”。
存在句 Sentences indicating existence
动词“在”“有”“是”都可以表示存在，他们作谓语的主要成分时，句子的语序分别是：
The verbs “ ”, “”and “”indicate existence. When they serve as the main elements of the predicate, the word orders of sentences are as follows:
1. 某人（物）------在--------某处
Somebody( something)---在---------somewhere
2. 某处--------有（是）------某人（物）
Somewhere------有（是）------somebody ( something)
例如：
E. g,
1.保罗在西蒙后边。
2.学校附近有很多饭馆和商店。
3.桌子下边是莉莉的书包。
用“有”表示存在的句子跟用“是”表示存在的句子有以下两点不同：         
There are two points of difference between “是” and “有”when both indicate existence:
(1)用“有”的句子只说明某处存在某人或某物，用“是”的句子是已知某处存在某人或某物，而要进一步说明是谁或是什么。
Sentences with “有” merely tell where somebody or something is, whereas sentences with “是” tell not only where somebody or something is but also whom somebody is or what something is.
(2)用“有”的句子宾语是不确指的，用“是”的句子宾语可以是确指的，也可以是不确指的。因此，不能说“图书馆对面有我们的学校”，应该说“图书馆对面是我们学校”。
The object of a sentence with “有”is usually indefinite while the object of a sentence with “是” may be either definite or indefinite. So in Chinese “our school stands opposite to the library” should be “图书馆对面是我们学校”instead of “图书馆对面有我们学校”。