数量短语做定语 Numeral-measure phrases as attributive
在现代汉语中，数词一般不能单独做名词的定语，中间必须加量词。
In modern Chinese, a numeral alone can’t function as an attributive but must be combined with a measure word inserted between the mineral and the noun it modifies, e. g.
1. 我有一个姐姐。 I have a elder sister.
2. 他们班有三位老师。 There are three teachers in their class.
3. 她买了一本词典。 She bought a dictionary.
4. 我喝一杯牛奶。 I drank a cap of coffee.
名词都有自己特定的量词，不能随便组合。我们已学过的量词有“个”﹑“本”﹑“杯”
“瓶”﹑“位”等。“个”使用范围较广，可以用于指人物单位等名词之前; “位”用于指人的名词前，含敬意；“本”通常用在书籍一类的名词前。“瓶”﹑“杯” 分别用于表示以瓶或杯作为容器的物品的名词前。
In Chinese, every noun has its specific measure word and can’t go freely with others. We have already learned the measure words “个”,“本”,“瓶”, “杯”，“位”，“个” is placed before a noun denoting a person, implying honor. “本”is placed before nouns denoting things contained in bottles or glasses.
1. 一个学生 one student 2. 两本书 two books
3.三个哥哥 three brothers 4.四本词典 four dictionaries
5.五位老师 five teachers 6. 六瓶矿泉水 six bottle of pure water
7. 七杯牛奶 seven cups of milk 8. 八个朋友 eight friend
“几”和“多少” “几”and “多少”
几”和“多少”都是用来提问数目ideas。如果估计数目在“10”以下，一般用“几”提
“多少”可以用来提问任何数目.
“几”和“多少”are both used to ask about numbers. “几”is usually used with respect to a number smaller than ten. “多少”can be used for any number.
“几”替代的是数词，所以在“几”和它修饰的名词之间要加上量词；“多少”的后面可以加量词，也可以不加量词。例如：
1. 几位老师教你们？ How many teachers do you have?
2. 你们班有多少（个）学生？ How many students are there in your class?
3. 你的电话号码是多少？ What is your phone number?