Yes or Not 是不是 1.汉语的一般语序 The word order in Chinese sentence 汉语句子一般可以分为主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分的主要成分分别是主语谓语。主语在前,谓语在后。 主语成分常常是名词或代词,谓语的主要成分常常是动词﹑形容词。例如: A Chinese sentence id usually composed of the subject part in which the main element is the subject, and the predicate in which the main element is the predicate. The subject preceded the predicate. The subject is often a noun or a pronoun. The predicate is often a verb or an adjective, e .g. 1. 保罗是留学生 Paul is a oversea student. 2. 我学习汉语 I learn Chinese. 3. 她很漂亮 She is pretty. 这三个句子中的"保罗"﹑"我"﹑"她"是主语,"是"﹑"学习"﹑"漂亮"是谓语的只要成分。第1﹑2句中的"学生"﹑"汉语"是宾语:第三句中副词"很"作状语,修饰形容词谓语"漂亮"。 In the three sentences above, "保罗", "我","她"are the subjects. "是","学习"and "漂亮"are the predicates. In the first and the second sentence, "学生" and "汉语"are object; In the third sentence , the adverb "很"functions as an adverbial adjunct to qualify the adjective predicate "漂亮". 2. " 是"字句(一) "是" sentence type(1) "是"字句是用"是"做谓语的句子。动词"是"后面的宾语是说明主语的。否定形式是在"是"前面加否定"不"。例如: A sentence in which the predicate is "是" is known as a "是" sentence. The object after the verb "是" is used to explain the subject. The affirmative form of a "是" sentence is "subject + 是+ object". A "是"sentence becomes negative when a " 不"is put before "是", e. g. 1. 我是留学生。 I am an oversea student. 2. 这是词典 This is a dictionary 3. 他不是留学生 He is not an oversea student. 4. 那不是词典 That is not a dictionary. 3. 定语和结构助词"的"The attributive and the structural particle "的" An attributive is an element mainly qualifying a noun. What qualifies is called the qualified word. Nouns, pronouns, adjective and numerals etc. can all be used as attributive, which must precede what they qualify, e.g. 法国学生 French student 汉语书 chinese book 代词,名词作定语表示领属关系时,后面要加结构助词"的"。例如: When a noun or a pronoun is used as an attributive to show possession, the structural particle "的"must be inserted between the attributive and what it qualifies, e. g. 我的书 my book 保罗的词典 Paul's dictionary 如果代词所修饰的中心语是指亲友或所属单位时,可以不用"的"。例如: But is the word which the personal pronoun modifies refers to a family or friendship relation or a unit to which the person denotes by the pronoun belongs, the personal pronoun usually does not take a "的" after it, e. g. 我爸爸 my father 我朋友 my friend 我们班 our class 如果名词定语是说明中心语的性质的,一般也不用"的"。 例如: When a noun id used attributively to indicate the characteristic or quality of the object denoted by the word it qualifies, it usually doesn't take a "的"after it, e. g. 汉语书 Chinese book 德国人 German
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